The Meaning of Witchs Cake in the Salem Witch Trials

The Meaning of Witch's Cake in the Salem Witch Trials It was accepted that a witchs cake had the ability to uncover whether black magic was burdening an individual with side effects of illness. Such a cake or scone was made with rye flour and the pee of the harrowed person. The cake was then taken care of to a canine. In the event that the canine showed similar manifestations, the nearness of black magic was proven. Why a dog? A hound was accepted to be a typical comfortable related with the devil. The hound was then expected to highlight the witches who had harrowed the person in question. In Salem Village, in the Massachusetts province, in 1692, such a witchs cake was key in the main allegations of black magic that prompted court preliminaries and executions of numerous who were accused. The practice was evidently a notable society practice in English culture of the time. What was the deal? In Salem Village, Massachusetts,â in January of 1692 (by the cutting edge schedule), a few young ladies started acting erratically. One of these young ladies was Elizabeth Parris, known as Betty, who was nine years of age at the time. She was the girl of the Rev. Samuel Parris, the clergyman of the Salem Village Church. Another was Abigail Williams, who was 12 years of age and a stranded niece of Rev. Samuel Parris, who lived with the Parris family. They whined of fever and seizures. The dad attempted petition, on the model of Cotton Mather who had expounded on restoring comparative indications for another situation. He additionally had the assembly and some other nearby ministry appeal to God for the young ladies to fix their affliction. When petition didn't fix the sickness, Rev. Parris acquired another clergyman, John Hale,â and the neighborhood doctor, William Griggs, who watched the manifestations in the young ladies, and could locate no physical explanation. They reco mmended that black magic was included. Whose Idea and Who Made the Cake? A neighbor of the Parris family, Mary Sibley, prescribed the creation of witchs cake to uncover whether black magic was involved. She offered bearings to John Indian, a slave serving the Parris family, to make the cake. He gathered pee from the young ladies and afterward had Tituba, another slave in the family, really heat the witchs cake and feed it to the canine that lived in the Parris family. (Both Tituba and John Indian were slaves, in all probability of Indian root, brought to Massachusetts Bay Colony by Rev. Parris from Barbados.) Despite the fact that the conclusion didnt work, Rev. Parris censured in chapel the utilization of this enchantment. He said it didnt matter in the event that it was finished with acceptable intentions,â calling it setting off to the demon for help against the devil. Mary Sibley, as per church records, was suspended from fellowship, at that point reestablished when she stood and admitted before the gathering and the individuals of the assembly lifted their hands to show they were happy with her admission. Mary Sibley then vanishes from the records about the preliminaries, however Tituba and the young ladies figure unmistakably. The young ladies wound up naming those they blamed for witchcraft. The first charged were Tituba, Sarah Good, and Sarah Osbourne. Sarah Good later kicked the bucket in jail and Sarah Good was executed in July. Tituba admitted to black magic, so she was excluded from execution, and she later turned informer. Before the finish of the preliminaries early the next year, four blamed witches had passed on in jail, one had been squeezed to death, and nineteen were hanged. What Really Afflicted the Girls? Researchers for the most part concur that the allegations were established in a network craziness, prepared by confidence in the supernatural. Politics inside the congregation likely had an influence, with Rev. Parris at the focal point of debate over force and compensation. Politics in the province - at an insecure time, including settling the colonys status with the King and wars with the French and Indians, likely likewise played a part. Some point to discussion over legacy, particularly focusing on the individuals who meddled with inheritances. There were additionally some old quarrels among network individuals. All these are credited by a few or numerous students of history as having an influence in the unfurling of the allegations and trials. A barely any antiquarians have likewise contended that grain that had been defiled with a growth called ergot may have caused a portion of the side effects.

Exam Study Sheet

ERP as a business idea resonates as a ground-breaking inner data the board nirvana: Everyone engaged with sourcing, creating, and conveying the organization's item works with a similar data, which takes out redundancies, diminishes sat around, and evacuates deception. Learning results Buffet has faith In centered Investing and accepts that all Investors should see five highlights: 1 . The sureness with which the drawn out monetary qualities of the business can be assessed 2.The assurance with which the board can be assessed, both regarding Its capacity to understand the maximum capacity of the business and to shrewdly utilize Its incomes 3. The assurance with which the executives can be depended on to channel the award from the business to the investors instead of to Itself 4. The price tag of the business the degree by which a financial specialist's buying power return is marked down from his gross return Innovation finding new six accepted procedures of advancement: Find your signi ficant edgeAssemble advancement nurseries Reward daring individuals Celebrate decent variety Look around Mix professionals and designers Social enterprise â€Å"going green† Social Responsibility infers that an association has a duty to society. Corporate Policy mirrors the position an organization takes on social and policy driven issues. Reasonable or â€Å"Green† depicts frameworks that limit harm to the earth. Vitality utilization Breakdown of Power Usage in The Typical Data Center For accommodation and to take into account programmed updates and reinforcement, most of PC hardware is never totally closed down.It draws vitality 24 hours every day. Rate lighting/humidifier power appropriation units forced air systems Ups IT hardware Chiller E squander State †Refers to disposed of, out of date or broken electronic gadgets Sustainable IT removal †Refers to the protected removal of MIS resources toward a mind-blowing finish cycle Electronic Product Stewardship Canada (PEPS) †an industry affiliation that teaches and energizes e-squander control Recent International laws confine the utilization of risky materials.Moor's Law has made mechanical gadgets littler, less expensive, and quicker, permitting more individuals from all salary levels to buy registering gear. This expanded interest is causing various ecological issues. State alludes to drives, printer cartridges, phones, cases, outside hard drives, TV's, Vicars, DVD players, microwaves, etc. Greener IT four different ways to spare vitality in a server farm utilize open air for cooling, cool high thickness zones, utilize low force processors, join cooling arrangements, use server power the board, purchase high proficiency power supplies, use overpopulation to unite servers.Organizational long range interpersonal communication three sorts of person to person communication an association can actualize: Passive inquiry Boomerangs Marketing systems Passive Search?Finding individuals fo r new openings who are glad and gainful where they through business organizing locales. Boomerangs?Former workers coming back to old Jobs. Promoting Networks?Using business systems for advertising and occasions It's a totally different world Virtual World?An Internet asset which presents an AD virtual community.Virtual Organizations-intuitive web nearness for organizations and their clients. Virtual Workforce?working from home†¦ Or anyplace by means of the Internet. Devices for virtual workforce Mobile business (m-commerce)?ability to buy merchandise and enterprises through a cell phone. Telemetric?The mixing of wired and remote innovations for proficient electronic correspondence. Electronic tagging?the utilization of RIFF (radio recurrence ID) and different frameworks to recognize and following advanced resources. 4. Undertaking asset arranging ERP Failures Blaming ERP for the â€Å"pickle† that numerous an organization who has actualized ERP end up in resembles accusi ng the CAD bundle for an ineffectively modeler building. Like pretty much everything else, IT-empowering business forms is tied in with utilizing the correct apparatuses for the correct reasons and executing. Venture asset arranging †incorporates all offices and capacities cap workers can settle on big business wide choices by review undertaking wide data on all business operations.ERP amazing association instruments Solution to incongruent applications. Addresses the requirement for worldwide data sharing. Maintains a strategic distance from the cost of fixing heritage frameworks. Inheritance Systems?are more established PC innovation still being used. Useful Systems? serve single business offices or units. Heritage frameworks exist in individualized computing just as business Enterprise asset arranging framework Core information †workers, orders, clients, deals, stock 0 ERP-Global deals report,Global producing report, worldwide transportation report Enterprise asset arra nging †ERP Integration Data Flow At the core of all ERP frameworks is a database; when a client enters or updates data in a single module, it is promptly and naturally refreshed all through the whole framework â€Å"Data† (focus) †buying, bookkeeping and fund, manual assets, stock, assembling, advertising and deals Why do associations need mixes, if an ERP framework contains one database that interfaces all applications together?Most associations work useful â€Å"silos†, and every division cheerfully has its own frameworks An organization may buy an ERP and afterward the entirety of the practical storehouses would be on one framework; notwithstanding, this doesn't occur all the time in reality ERP computerizes business procedures, for example, request fulfillment?taking a request from a client, dispatching the buy, and afterward charging for it.With an ERP framework, when a client care delegate takes a request from a client, the person has all the informatio n important to finish the request. At the point when one division gets done with the request, it is consequently steered by means of the ERP framework to the following office. To discover here the request is anytime, a client needs just to sign in to the ERP framework and track the order.ERP frameworks mechanize business forms, for instance, request satisfaction When a Customer Service Representative (CARS) takes a request from a client, the individual in question has all the data important to finish the request (the client's FICO score and request history, the organization's stock levels, and the conveyance plan) ERP process stream Data†centre† deals/quote/request distribution center pack/transport getting returns bookkeeping/charging/installment The association before ERP Multiple utilitarian frameworks offer help for the one of a kind needs of every division except can't be coordinated over the endeavor archive the board, work process, ERP †¦ Etc The association after ERP †A focal handling needs of each useful unit while having information sharing over the undertaking. Center and broadened ERP parts The advancement of ERP †material arranging, request passage, circulation, general record, bookkeeping, shop floor control Extended ERP †booking, determining, scope quantification, business, warehousing, coordinations ERP - II †venture the executives, information the board, work process the board, client relationship', human asset, entrance capabilityCore ERP segments †customary segments remembered for most ERP frameworks and they basically center around inside tasks Extended ERP segments †additional segments that meet the hierarchical needs not secured by the center segments and essentially center around outer activities Core and expanded ERP segments Three most regular center ERP segments 1 . Bookkeeping and account 2. Creation and materials the executives 3.Human asset Accounting and fund ERP segment †oversee s bookkeeping information and budgetary procedures inside the undertaking with capacities, for example, general record, creditor liabilities, debt claims, planning, and resource the board Dudley Harley-Davidson Canada (DDCD), the selective Canadian wholesaler of Harley-Davidson bikes, has improved stock, turnaround time, edges, and client satisfaction?all with the usage of a money related ERP framework Production and materials the board ERP segment †handles the different parts of creation arranging and execution, for example, request determining, creation booking, Job cost bookkeeping, and quality control Production and materials the board ERP segments This figure shows the run of the mill ERP creation arranging process. The procedure starts with anticipating deals so as to design activities. A definite creation plan is created if the item is delivered, and a materials prerequisite arrangement is finished in the item is bought. Deals determining 0 activities arranging 0 definit e booking/creation, 0 materials necessity arranging, buying Human asset ERP segment †tracks worker data including finance, lawful prerequisites of numerous Jurisdictions and expense specialists Extended ERP segments include: Business knowledge Customer relationship the board Supply chain managementE Business insight †portrays data that individuals use to help their dynamic endeavors Customer relationship the executives †includes dealing with all parts of a client's associations with an association to expand client faithfulness and maintenance and an association's gainfulness Supply chain the board †includes the administration of data streams between and among stages in a gracefully chain to augment absolute flexibly chain viability and productivity E-business †signifies directing business on the Internet, purchasing and selling, yet additionally Irving clients and teaming up with colleagues Primary Users and Business Benefits of Enterprise Applications Enter prise application †CRM, SCM, ERP Examples child rearing/CSS, clients, greeting money coordinations Integration Middleware †Several extraordinary

Fiscal policy and government debt Coursework Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2250 words

Monetary approach and government obligation - Coursework Example Through experimental tests, guided by the above portrayals, Romer and Romer (2010) reason that independent of the given enactment, huge changes in an economy’s charge approach achieves a prevailing inspiration that fits into the accompanying classes compensating for increments in government consumption, tending to an acquired government shortage and prodding long haul development (799). Further, the discoveries show that expense changes to a great extent impact yield. The standard particular infers that one percent of GDP will bring down genuine GDP by right around three percent. Also, changes in tax assessment are a lot of identified with future changes, further, speculations decrease fundamentally following exogenous duty increments. Ultimately, the examination presumed that duty increments to diminish an acquired spending shortage don't have the huge yield costs related with different exogenous expense increments. The perception, which focuses to the way that improved government assistance results from tax reductions are to a great extent a position perplexed by the New Keynesian multipliers which show that a tax reduction should expand government assistance fundamentally on the grounds that it opens up private assets for spending. This idea is just countered by the underlying Keynesian multipliers which have since been supplanted by the more contemporary idea (Tsoukis, 2010). Subsequently, it appears to be protected to base musings of expense strategy changes on the view spoke to in this examination. The fundamental contention in such manner is that higher tax collection goes about as a disincentive to people and firms to work and contribute.

Money as relates to Fences Essay Example For Students

Cash as identifies with Fences Essay Envision for a second it is your older siblings seventeenth birthday celebration. She is out with her companions celebrating, and your folks are at the shopping center with your younger sibling doing some very late birthday shopping, disregarding you home. You at that point hear a thump on the front entryway. At the point when you arrive, no one is there, only an unknown note taped to the entryway that says Happy Birthday, alongside a hundred dollar greenback. Youve been kicking the bucket to get that new computer game, and your sister will never know. You are confronted with an extreme choice, yet not an exceptionally unprecedented one. In the two Fences, by August Wilson, and A Raisin in the Sun, by Lorraine Hansbury, intense choices must be made about getting cash from somebody elses incident. Yet, cash that significant right? The job of cash in people groups everyday lives is very astonishing when its put into viewpoint. The essential explanation most Americans get up toward the beginning of the day is so they can go out and bring in cash. Cash purchases things; cash impacts individuals; cash keeps us alive; cash satisfies us. Or on the other hand isn't that right? In Fences, by August Wilson, the Maxtons get their cash when Gabes head is shot in the war. In A Raisin in the Sun, by Lorraine Hansbury, the Younger family gets their cash when Walters father bites the dust. Be that as it may, do these things satisfy them? Obviously not. They are happening upon cash from somebody elses incident, somebody they love. The cash may have made life simpler for a concise second in time, yet the oddity before long wears off and reality before long returns. The intriguing thing about these two books is that the cash got by both the Maxtons and the Youngers did precisely something contrary to what everybody anticipated that it should do. It in the end made issues for both of the families. In Fences, the Maxtons utilized Gabes cash to purchase a house and despite the fact that it appeared to be a smart thought, when Gabe moved out, it caused a lot of blame in the family, yet particularly in Troy. He just couldnt get over how he utilized somebody he cherished so a lot, and they didnt even know it. In A Raisin in the Sun, the Youngers likewise purchase a house with the cash the disaster protection gave them. In any case, their concern are caused not by blame, yet by two altogether various feelings. One is the inclination of being the object of bigotry in their new network when the Welcoming Committee make an effort not to move in. The other one is simply the blend of annihilation, misfortune, outrage, and self indulgence felt by the entire family when Walter loses the remainder of the cash and the Younger family is gone out in a local where they arent needed. Furthermore, cash is something to be thankful for? Addressing that question is a straightforward one. Indeed, cash is something worth being thankful for when it is managed in the correct manner. Both the Maxtons and the Youngers experienced difficulty by they way they took care of their cash and that prompted a large number of the issues the two of them confronted. Cash is the thing that drives the world as we know it in our advanced society, yet it is anything but an approach to gauge achievement, love, or bliss. As Bob Dylan put it, Whats cash? A man is a triumph in the event that he gets up in the first part of the day and hits the hay around evening time and in the middle of does what he needs to do. All cash truly is, is an approach to purchase material things. Without a doubt, its significant, however not near how significant our loved ones are. They are the place genuine bliss originates from, not from minimal green bits of paper. Satisfaction isn't having what you need, its needing what you have. .ub1d598bc9e13ced9a7efdbc9ff79e716 , .ub1d598bc9e13ced9a7efdbc9ff79e716 .postImageUrl , .ub1d598bc9e13ced9a7efdbc9ff79e716 .focused content region { min-stature: 80px; position: relative; } .ub1d598bc9e13ced9a7efdbc9ff79e716 , .ub1d598bc9e13ced9a7efdbc9ff79e716:hover , .ub1d598bc9e13ced9a7efdbc9ff79e716:visited , .ub1d598bc9e13ced9a7efdbc9ff79e716:active { border:0!important; } .ub1d598bc9e13ced9a7efdbc9ff79e716 .clearfix:after { content: ; show: table; clear: both; } .ub1d598bc9e13ced9a7efdbc9ff79e716 { show: square; change: foundation shading 250ms; webkit-progress: foundation shading 250ms; width: 100%; haziness: 1; change: obscurity 250ms; webkit-progress: mistiness 250ms; foundation shading: #95A5A6; } .ub1d598bc9e13ced9a7efdbc9ff79e716:active , .ub1d598bc9e13ced9a7efdbc9ff79e716:hover { darkness: 1; change: murkiness 250ms; webkit-progress: darkness 250ms; foundation shading: #2C3E50; } .ub1d598bc9e13ced9a7efdbc9ff79e716 .focused content zone { width: 100%; position: relative; } .ub1d598bc9e13ced9a7efdbc9ff79e716 .ctaText { outskirt base: 0 strong #fff; shading: #2980B9; text dimension: 16px; textual style weight: striking; edge: 0; cushioning: 0; content embellishment: underline; } .ub1d598bc9e13ced9a7efdbc9ff79e716 .postTitle { shading: #FFFFFF; text dimension: 16px; textual style weight: 600; edge: 0; cushioning: 0; width: 100%; } .ub1d598bc9e13ced9a7efdbc9ff79e716 .ctaButton { foundation shading: #7F8C8D!important; shading: #2980B9; fringe: none; fringe range: 3px; box-shadow: none; text dimension: 14px; textual style weight: intense; line-tallness: 26px; moz-outskirt sweep: 3px; content adjust: focus; content design: none; content shadow: none; width: 80px; min-tallness: 80px; foundation: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/modules/intelly-related-posts/resources/pictures/basic arrow.png)no-rehash; position: total; right: 0; top: 0; } .ub1d598bc9e13ced9a7efdbc9ff79e716:hover .ctaButton { foundation shading: #34495E!important; } .ub1d598bc9e13ced9 a7efdbc9ff79e716 .focused content { show: table; stature: 80px; cushioning left: 18px; top: 0; } .ub1d598bc9e13ced9a7efdbc9ff79e716-content { show: table-cell; edge: 0; cushioning: 0; cushioning right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-adjust: center; width: 100%; } .ub1d598bc9e13ced9a7efdbc9ff79e716:after { content: ; show: square; clear: both; } READ: Financial Instability EssayBibliography: .

23 Secret Santa Gift Ideas Your Coworkers Will Love

23 Secret Santa Gift Ideas Your Coworkers Will Love You probably spend a lot of time with your coworkers, but youre somehow always baffled when it comes to gift-giving.Youre probably not able to pick the right gift for each of them right away. Do you find yourself pondering on the issue for too long?Are you surprised with how much your creativity may fail you when it comes to the tradition of Secret Santa?Even though you may know when your colleagues sleep, how they wake up and what they eat, can you really say that you know what would really really surprise them?You might know a couple of your colleagues well, but what about the rest of them?Lets face it, its impossible to know everyone well, no matter how much time you spent teambuilding.Hopefully, you remembered to google the solutions for the problem because we have the list of classics your colleagues will love and appreciate.Here are a couple of solutions that might help:1. BOX OF CHOCOLATEEstimated Price: $2.00Despite the general opinion that consuming chocolate you are gaining weight and high blood pressure, its not all that grim. Its confirmed that chocolate helps synthesize serotonin, which is known as the hormone of happiness.Even if you dont know your colleagues very well you can be damn sure their mood will be improved and that theyll appreciate the gift. Its a golden classic.2. BOTTLE OF WINEEstimated Price: $5.00We all have that one colleague who likes to relax with a glass (or a bottle of wine) every now and then.Be careful though, if you give this gift to a lady, she might invite you to help her empty the bottle and you know that you shouldnt mix business and pleasure or should you?It can also be a very serious gift if you are giving it to your superior, but in that case, you better buy an expensive one. Here are the top ten wines you can buy.Did we mention that wine also lowers the risk of heart disease? You cant make a mistake with this gift, honestly.3. MOUSE PADEstimated Price: $3.00We all have a gamer or two in our lines. Even ordinary mort als who are not into gaming have the need for a decent mouse pad since not all of our desks are smooth and polished enough for our cursor to flow freely.Not manipulating your cursor effectively can really waste your time and cause frustration at work so this one can work. Here are  the top eight mouse pads  for work and home. There are some cool designs as well.4. COFFEE MUGEstimated Price: $1.00  There are, undoubtedly, serious coffee worshipers in every single office in the world. In relation to that, there are rituals on drinking this productivity juice and coffee mug is an important sacrament in these rituals.By the way, check out these fifty coffee mugs.Be wary of writing on your coffee mug. Its the first thing you see when you start your workday so it can have a prophetic quality or send subliminal messages to program your subconscious mind.5. TRAVEL TOURPrice Range from $50.00This one is more expensive than the others so make sure that its worth it.The proper way to help your coworker after a hard year of work is to give him a tour-card gift.Its a more sentimental gift than that of a product, but that only increases its value. You’re giving your colleague a gift of experience.Remember how we all dreamt of spending our money on traveling the world? Well, something happened and we got caught up in the chase so we never do it anymore.We think about traveling but we choose to spend our money elsewhere. Thats why, with this gift, youll help your colleague get out of his/her comfort zone and experience the joy of travel once again.Here are also the top  eighteen places  to travel if he doesn’t like sun or women.6. SIMPLE EARRINGSEstimated Price: $4.00Earrings are the traditional addition to women’s looks, but men wear it more and more with genders going fluid and stuff. Kidding, it doesnt have to be the gender thing. Sometimes people just like to look cool.By helping them do that you form a specific kind of bond. Its a Secret Santa trend to craft the ea rrings yourself if you want to make it intimate, but if you dont have time to do it, cruise the Internet a little bit.There are hand-crafted earrings all around and some of them are as cool as it gets.Then again, if your team is more on the luxurious side of life, the markets got you covered there as well.7. RINGEstimated Price: $4.00Much like the earrings, a ring can be a piece of jewelry, but there are ways of making it much more than that.You and your teammates can have bro rings to signify your semper fi relationship.On the other hand, rings may often mean intimate commitment so it can be a curveball.Its a good way of reminding your colleague that youre there for them as a friend as well.8. BRACELETPrice: $1.00Bracelets always have some meaning relating to specific types of bonds. Giving this gift to your coworker can mean that you want to bond your friendship on work and become better coworkers.On the other hand, it can be a simple piece of jewelry without the need to philosoph ize on the matter. It can just look good, right?There are cool bracelets you can make yourself or you can buy hand-crafted bracelets online.P.S. Dont think of bracelets as womens accessories only. There are bracelets that are macho asf.9. A PHOTO ALBUMThe Estimated Price of $7This one is an old classic, but since things are going retro, its still popular.Dont just buy an empty photo album though. Fill it up with photos of your team doing different activities together.You probably spend 40 hours a week trapped in the office with those people. There must be tons of photographs in your phones and on social media.Just make those photos… materialize. Things have a different flavor when theyre not virtual. Make those memories count and amass. Its a good teambuilding gift as well.10. ENGRAVED PENEstimated Price: $50.00Shopping for coworkers can be tough. You don’t want to overbuy it, but you also don’t want to be cheap.This gift can be a very special one, but it can also be an impers onal evergreen gift. It depends on what you engrave. It can be a joke that you all laughed to which will remind your colleague of the cool moments you spent together.It can be a powerful punch-line or a saying of some sort as well. 11. BOOKPrice: $20.00Finding the right book for you coworker can be a rough one, but it’s not all that bad. Just make sure that your colleagues like to read before you opt for this one.Itd be a shame for them to use the book you gave them as a decorative piece of furniture.Even if theyre not keen on poetry etc., there are very useful books that all of us should read if we plan on ever learning useful skills.There are numerous business books that you can give to your coworkers that strive towards better careers. Here are the best fifteen business books you can give to your coworker.12. FLOWERSEstimated Price: $10.00Giving flowers fits every situation. Happy or sad it doesn’t matter, flowers can be the perfect gift. Every flower speaks for itself. You s hould know something about the symbolic meaning of the flowers you may choose to give.For example, roses indicate romantic feelings so its not something you wanna give to your boss unless thats exactly what youre aiming for.Pelargonium may be a good option for you as its a traditional present symbolizing true alliance among friends. It doesn’t matter if you are living in a small apartment or house, flowers can give your nest a nicer look.There is perfect online ordering, where you can find any flower you think your coworker will love and all you have to do is use your phone. Your flowers can also be sent to the doorstep of your coworker any day you want.However, the best way to give flowers is to give it yourself they will appreciate you more.Its also for the best for the plants or flowers to be alive. That way youre giving them something to nurture in the times to come.Its not just a product or a thing that youre giving. Youre giving them a chance to devote to something and that is something all of us need to learn how to appreciate.13. GLOVESPrice: $30.00Since more and more people became addicted to smartphones and other touchscreen gadgets, gloves can be ideal for them.It gets rough during winters because you cant type with your gloves on.You can give your colleagues fingerless gloves which can be semi-useful since their fingers will still be in touch with weather or you can buy them the latest gloves since nowadays gloves are being made touchscreen friendlier.If you have gardener among your coworkers you should get them gardening gloves as well.This one works subliminally as well. The general meaning of gloves lies in the fact that they are protecting their wearer.Since you are the one that’s giving it to your coworkers they will feel safer and wormer working with you.14. PILLOWPrice: $20.00There are a lot of reasons that a pillow is an ideal gift for everyone. You don’t have to worry about size because pillows come in all sizes and shapes.Giving the pillow might be a bit odd, but its cool enough, right? Sleep is an important ritual as well.Providing sacraments for sleeping makes you a part of an important everyday experience that your colleagues have.Decent sleep is what everyone dreams about, and pillow is one of the things that can help your coworkers get enough sleep for work.You never know how important it is to have a good pillow until you start having problems with your neck and posture.By providing a good sleep for everyone in the office, you invest in the overall working atmosphere because everyones happy when they get a good night sleep.Its remarkable how much quality sleep can affect the stress levels in your office so, no matter how odd this gift may seem, its bound to pay off sooner or later.Here are  the top seven pillows  that will help your coworkers sleep better. Because having a nice sleep can’t be paid for.15. FITNESS TRACKEREstimated Price: $50.00There are few things that can naturally boost your dopamine levels (dopamine is another happy hormone) and exercise beats them all.However, its not easy to exercise. Its hard to stay put and motivate yourself to push through.Keeping track of your fitness activities is a sure way of knowing where you stand with your results.When it comes to fitness, the logic is simple the amount of work you put in equals the results. When you have the numbers, its not easy to fool yourself anymore. You have only yourself to thank or blame for the results.All of that works to motivate you to succeed and take responsibility in life.A fitness tracker will help your colleagues monitor their activity by making them more alert about their goal of losing weight.They will also start sharing their weekly goals achieved instead of daily complaining. Training with an incredible device will make your coworker more accountable and persistent about their work.It is a great thing for anyone who is trying to improve their lifestyle or just lose weight. All they have to do is stop complaining and start using the device you gave them, and they will be eternally grateful.The positive atmosphere in the office will also skyrocket because there are few things better than fitness when it comes to dopamine.16. SCARFEstimated Price: $15.00When you think about a timeless fashionable gift, scarf must be the first thing crossing your mind. It has been worn for centuries by different nations.Muslim women are wearing it to show their modesty. While in the West people usually wear it as a fashion accessory and a token of luxury.Giving your coworker this type of cloth will make them feel gracious.17. PRINTED SOCKSEstimated Price: $5.00When we were kids we usually received socks from our grandmothers and mothers. There is something unexplainable happening when you get socks. You almost feel like a kid again.Another thing about the socks is that you always seem to lose them somehow. Its like the washing machine eats them or something.Getting your coworker a new pair o f printed socks with a funny line on them can be a perfect gift for them. They are not expensive, but they are thoughtful asf, so thats what counts.There are a lot of articles saying what to wear and what not to wear. Socks are not that popular in those articles so its hard to make a mistake there.It’s not like buying a sweater or a jacket. Getting socks for someone is a lot easier, especially if you know their shoe size, if you don’t you can still buy the most common size.There are various styles of socks but the best ones and the warmest ones are wool socks.Dominant diamond standard in durable and warm footwear! 18. LEATHER BAGEstimated Price: $100.00Giving a leather bag is a gift for the special coworker. It shows that you are in their lives for a long time. It shows you believe in their ambitions for succeeding in the work.Leather bag is considered as a classic which will show them you have good taste even make them feel they have good taste.Its a bit expensive though so go for it only if your salary kicks through the roof.P.S. A backpack is a good idea if youre buying for a male coworker.19. PERFUMEEstimated Price: $50.00Giving perfume shows that you care. It’s a highly thoughtful gift. It’s a gift that your colleagues will be wearing daily and theyll think of you every time they put it on.But that makes it a personal gift so you want to give it to your female coworker or if some of your closest coworkers have a perfume wish-list, this is a perfect gift for them.Be careful not to overstep the line though. General opinion on giving someone a perfume is the affection of your love towards that person.20. A LEATHER NOTEBOOKEstimated Price: $20.00Sometimes you or your coworkers have some great ideas while drinking beer. Tomorrow none of you can remember the ideas. The beer is the cause of them appearing and disappearing from your memory.Leather notebook is the perfect gift for everyone that likes to brainstorm over a pint or two. It is also an inspirat ional gift.All great entrepreneurs and geniuses have had their own notebooks where they kept track of their enterprises.The thing with brilliant minds is that they have so many good ideas that they start to disregard them and they become reckless.Having a cool leather notebook may motivate that brilliant colleague that you may have to actually write something down. It can also make the rookie from your team look more professional. It will make him look like he is taking his job seriously and that is the best way of introducing him to old clients.It is also a great gift for a guy that always forgets the birthdays of his family members. If your coworkers are fashion junkies, it is a great business-fashion addition.21. SCENTED CANDLESEstimated Price: $5.00The workplace usually has a stressful atmosphere. The anxiety levels kick through the roof and you can just smell them in the air.Nowadays there are scented candles with so many individual designs. Finding out the right one for you co worker’s desk is not that hard.All your receiver needs to do is simply look at them or smell their scent and he will feel relieved of stress for at least some time.Candles have a great impact on our working routine. Its a bit contra-intuitive, but they can help cool things down motivate us and makes us stay on top of our game.22. WIRELESS SPEAKEREstimated Price: $40.00Working every day in the same place can be tough and stressful. Everyone needs some type of ventilation and a wireless speaker can help you with that.Whenever your coworker feels pressured music can help. Research conducted by neuroscientists found that music makes us happy by helping the release of Dopamine.Listening to music changes your brains chemistry a great deal.23. UMBRELLAEstimated Price: $15.00When buying a gift there’s a lot to consider.What’s my budget, should it be tech or non-tech? Is it something useful and in which way can my coworker use it?An umbrella might be the perfect thing you give to your coworkers. It comes handy in at least two seasons and its fashionable if you go for that gentlemanly look.People lose umbrellas all the time so you can never have enough of thoseHere are the  ten best umbrellas  the designers offered us this year.CONCLUSIONIt doesn’t matter what you give and what you get, what matter is who you get it from. Christmas is best spent with your family members and your business is most successful if you view your coworkers as family.After all, you do spend almost half of your life with those people (unless you switch positions and companies every now and then).Secret Santa is a good way to spice Christmas and New Years up to and reading this article is a sure way not to suck at this wonderful teambuilding activity.

Californias Top 10 Endangered Species - Free Essay Example

What are endangered species? Why should we care about them? These are the questions that this article will cover and raise awareness about these animals. Endangered species are types of species’ that have a low number of the animal left alive on the planet. I believe that all animals should be treated with the same respect as humans. I can give you an idea of why we actually need these animals, like how we need the gray wolf so the deer or elk populations don’t overpopulate and eat a lot of the plants in California. This exact thing happened in yellowstone one time where the wolf population got really low and the deer or elk populations sky-rocketed and ate a lot of the plants in yellowstone, but when the wolf populations went up, everything went back to normal. 10. The Gray Wolf (Canis lupus) The Gray Wolf is last because its numbers are healthy outside California. Extinct in California until 2011, the Gray Wolf has made a re-entrance into california. There are 2 lively packs in Northern California. These wolves would do just fine in the northern mountains with a lot of food, however the tasmanian tiger ranchers will kill them for eating livestock. There is a law protecting the wolves but, there is a loophole ; a hunter can claim that they didn’t know they were shooting at a wolf therefore avoiding punishment. With the wolf population under a dozen, and that the whereabouts of the 7 member shasta pack unknown, the Gray Wolf is not safe. 9. Tricolored blackbird (Agelaius tricolor) The tricolored blackbird is a far relative to the red-winged blackbird. The bird lives only in California. The birds gather in huge groups during early spring on farm land. This is the main reason their numbers decimate. That means that a couple hours’ work with a combine might kill 50 or 60 thousand of the birds at once. Those 145,000 tricoloreds was a 44 percent decline from the species’ numbers in 2011, which were themselves down by more than a third from 2008. 8. California Condor (Gymnogyps californianus) You might know this species as a high flying success story. But, the California Condor is not out of the woods yet. The California Condor has 400 specimens alive, half in the wild and half in captivity. Four-hundred birds alive is pretty good when there was 27 left in the wild in 1987. These birds are still in danger from human-caused hazards including flying in to telephone wires. the most pervasive threat, which afflicts pretty much all wild condors, is poisoning from lead ammo used by hunters. The birds preferentially ingest lead shot and bullet fragments, possibly due to behavioral habits that evolved as a way to get the birds to eat calcium-rich bone fragments. The lead stays in the condors’ stomachs, leaching into their exceptionally strong stomach acids, and causing a number of serious and often fatal illnesses. Luckily most hunters don’t use lead and a statewide ban will go into place in 2019. 7. Langes metalmark butterfly (Apodemia mormo langeia) This butterfly lives in the highly polluted area of Antioch. But is home to a few endangered species including Lange’s metalmark butterfly. The butterfly relies on one plant- the antioch dunes buckwheat, which lives in the antioch dunes, a small patch of sandy hills along the south shore of the San Joaquin River. These dunes were mined out for their sand to make bricks in the early 1900s. this butterfly’s numbers have gotten better but, they are still classified as endangered. 6. Kings gold (Tropidocarpum californicum) This yellow powdered plant suffers terribly from the droughts and habitat loss. Their habitat consists of alkaline soils along the south shore of what was once Tulare Lake. There is one patch near interstate 5 west of Wasco. This patch only has 50 individual plants. 5. Delta smelt (Hypomesus transpacificus) The delta smelt lives in the brackish waters of the river up by san francisco. People started pumping a lot of freshwater out of the bay which devastated the brackish waters where these small fish lived. People also hauled large numbers to San Francisco to sell at the markets. They also get chewed up in pumps. They can get eaten by larger invasive fish, and battle over food with invasive clams for zooplankton. It is possible the smelt has declined past the point of recovery. There is probably only a few dozen in the whole river. 4. Buena Vista Lake ornate shrew Do not call this shrew a rodent. Mice, rats, and squirrels are more closely related to us then to the Buena Vista Lake ornate shrew. Fewer than 3 dozen still remain alive today. The numbers have been the same since 1990. The shrew’s habitat has almost entirely been destroyed. Now, Tulare Lake exists only during exceptionally wet years. The lake only occupies 10% of what it used to. 3. Sacramento River winter-run Chinook salmon (Oncorhynchus tshawytscha) This type of salmon used to go up the sacramento river to it tributaries the pit and McCloud rivers breed in an event called the winter-run of chinook before european settlers came in. this changed when the Shasta Dam went into place blocking spawn access for the chinook and other salmon. The winter-run of Chinook lost more than 95% of historic spawning habitat. To make things worse the last free-flowing spot, battle creek, was turned into a hydroelectric plant. All most all the salmon died out for the loss of habitat. The remaining few severely rely on the cold water deliberately released from the shasta and Keswick dams. A little shift in the dams policy can wipe the Sacramento River winter-run Chinook salmon of the face of the planet. 2. Amargosa vole (Microtus californicus scirpensis) This critter made the news in 2015 when a large group captive-bred voles were being taken to their natural habitat †¦ and died on the way there. The scientist figured it was from a combination of dehydration and stress. So it is a bit ironic they live in one of the most stressful, dehydrated places in California, the Amargosa River which flows through the mojave desert. The Amargosa vole subsists on a diet consisting almost entirely of three-square bulrush, a very heat tolerant wetland plant that grows around springs in the vicinity of the Death Valley community of Tecopa. There are only a handful of them left in the wild. 1. Desert slender salamander (Batrachoseps aridus) This species could actually be extinct, no one has recorded on in 21 years. They are so vulnerable if there skin dries out they die. Discovered in 1960, the salamanders have only ever been found in Guadalupe Canyon and Hidden Palms Canyon near Palm Desert. There hasn’t been a sighting since 1996.

Padilla v. Kentucky Supreme Court Case, Arguments, Impact

In Padilla v. Kentucky (2010), the Supreme Court examined an attorney’s legal obligation to inform a client that a guilty plea might impact their immigration status. In a 7-2 decision, the Supreme Court found that, under the Sixth Amendment of the U.S. Constitution, an attorney must advise their client if a plea may result in deportation. Fast Facts: Padilla v. Kentucky Case Argued:  October 13, 2009Decision Issued:  March 31, 2010Petitioner:  Jose PadillaRespondent: KentuckyKey Questions:  Under the Sixth Amendment, are attorneys required to notify non-citizen clients that a guilty plea might result in deportation?Majority:  Justices Roberts, Stevens, Kennedy, Ginsburg, Breyer, Alito, SotomayorDissenting: Scalia, ThomasRuling:  If a client faces immigration consequences when entering a guilty plea, even if those consequences are unclear, an attorney must advise their client of them under the Sixth Amendment Facts of the Case In 2001, Jose Padilla, a licensed commercial truck driver, was indicted for possession and trafficking of marijuana, possession of marijuana paraphernalia, and failing to display a weight and distance tax number on his vehicle. Padilla accepted a plea bargain after consulting with his attorney. He pleaded guilty to the first three counts in exchange for dismissal of the final charge. Padilla’s attorney had assured him that the plea would not impact his immigration status. Padilla had been a lawful permanent resident in the United States for close to 40 years and was a veteran who had served during the Vietnam War. Padilla realized after his guilty plea that his attorney had been incorrect. He faced deportation as a result of the plea. Padilla filed for a post-conviction proceeding on the basis that his attorney had given him false advice. If he had known about the immigration consequences of his guilty plea, he would have taken his chances at trial, he argued. The case eventually landed in the Kentucky Supreme Court. The court focused on two terms: direct consequence and collateral consequence. Under the Sixth Amendment, attorneys are required to notify their clients of all direct consequences related to their charges. Attorneys are not required to notify clients of collateral consequences. These consequences are incidental to a plea deal. They include forfeiture of a license or loss of voting rights. The Kentucky Supreme Court viewed immigration status as a collateral consequence. Padilla could not argue that his counsel’s advice was ineffective because counsel was not required to give advice in the first place. Constitutional Issues Does the Sixth Amendment require notification of possible deportation when criminal defense attorneys are working with clients who have immigrated to the U.S.? If an attorney incorrectly states that a legal action will not impact immigration status, can that false advice be considered â€Å"ineffective assistance† under the Sixth Amendment? Arguments An attorney representing Padilla argued that the Supreme Court should apply the standard in Strickland v. Washington, a 1984 case which created a test for determining when counsel’s advice has been ineffective to the extent of a Sixth Amendment violation. Under that standard, the attorney argued, it was clear that Padillas counsel had failed to uphold a professional standard when advising him. An attorney on behalf of Kentucky argued that the Kentucky Supreme Court had accurately labeled immigration effects as a collateral consequence. Lawyers could not be expected to account for every possible impact a guilty plea might have on their client. Civil effects of a criminal case are beyond the scope of the Sixth Amendment right to counsel, the attorney argued. Majority Opinion Justice John Paul Stevens delivered the 7-2 decision. Justice Stevens declined to recognize the lower court distinction between collateral consequences and direct consequences. Deportation is a â€Å"severe penalty,† he wrote, though it is not formally considered a â€Å"criminal sanction.† Immigration proceedings and criminal proceedings have had a long and tangled history, Justice Stevens acknowledged. The â€Å"close connection† between deportation and criminal conviction makes it difficult to determine whether or not one is a â€Å"direct† or â€Å"collateral† consequence of the other. As a result, the Kentucky Supreme Court should not have classified deportation as a â€Å"collateral consequence† when judging Padilla’s request for relief post-conviction.   Justice Stevens wrote that the court should have applied a two-prong test from Strickland v. Washington to determine whether the attorney’s advice was â€Å"ineffective† for the purposes of the Sixth Amendment. The test asks whether the attorney’s conduct: Fell below a standard of reasonableness shown through expectations of the wider legal communityResulted in unprofessional errors that altered the proceedings to prejudice the client The Court reviewed guidelines from several leading defense attorney associations to conclude that the â€Å"prevailing legal norm† was to advise clients of immigration consequences. It was clear in Padillas case that deportation would result from a guilty plea, Justice Stevens wrote. It is not always so clear. The Court did not expect every criminal defense attorney to be well-versed in immigration law. However, counsel could not remain silent in the face of uncertainty. When the consequences of a guilty plea are unclear, the attorney has a duty under the Sixth Amendment to advise the client that the plea might impact their immigration status, Justice Stevens wrote. The Court remanded the case to the Supreme Court of Kentucky for determination in terms of the second prong of Strickland—whether or not the attorney’s errors changed an outcome for Padilla and whether or not he was entitled to relief. Dissenting Opinion Justice Antonin Scalia dissented, joined by Justice Clarence Thomas. Justice Scalia argued that the majority had adopted a broad interpretation of the Sixth Amendment. Nowhere in the text of the Sixth Amendment did it require an attorney to advise a client in legal matters beyond those directly related to criminal prosecution, Justice Scalia wrote. Impact Padilla v. Kentucky marked an expansion of the Sixth Amendment right to counsel. Prior to Padilla, attorneys were not required to advise clients of consequences related to guilty pleas that were beyond court-imposed punishment. Padilla altered this rule, finding that clients must be advised of non-criminal consequences from a guilty plea like deportation. Failing to notify a client of possible immigration effects that might come from a guilty plea became a violation of the Sixth Amendment right to counsel, under Padilla v. Kentucky. Sources Padilla v. Kentucky, 559 U.S. 356 (2010).â€Å"Status as Punishment: Padilla v. Kentucky.†Ã‚  American Bar Association, www.americanbar.org/groups/gpsolo/publications/gp_solo/2011/march/status_as_punishment_padilla_kentucky/.